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Hello Girl Scouts and troop leaders! 

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We at GLOBE are very excited that you have chosen to use the GLOBE Observer app to work on your Think Like a Citizen Scientist Journey. 

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This video can be used as a plug and play (with pauses for activities, so pay attention and pause the video while you work). 

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Alternatively, troop leaders, service unit or council volunteers, can use this video as an example of how you might run your own program. 

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However you choose to use this video, enjoy your Journey as you learn to Think Like a Citizen Scientist.

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Welcome to the first step in being a critical part of a growing citizen science project.

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Today you will learn about what it means to Think Like a Citizen Scientist, 

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learn about the Land Cover Tool on the GLOBE Observer app 

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and practice identifying different types of Land Cover.

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But first let me tell you about GLOBE and GLOBE Observer.

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GLOBE is an international science and education program

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that provides students and the public worldwide with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process

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and contribute meaningfully to our understanding of the Earth system and global environment.

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GLOBE Observer app is the data entry tool that allows citizen scientists

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to enter their data and share observations.

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GLOBE Observer is part of GLOBE.

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Okay, speaking of the Think Like a Citizen Scientist Journey,

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learning about what it means to observe is the first step in thinking like a citizen scientist.

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Let’s get started by practicing our observation skills.

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I’m going to show you a satellite image and I’m going to ask you to make observations about it.

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When we observe, we use our senses (hearing, smell, touch, sight, and taste).

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Since we can’t really taste, smell, hear, or touch this satellite image,

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we are going to use sight.

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Some possible questions to help you with your observations could be:

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What do you notice about the satellite image?

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What colors do you see?

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What recognizable features do you see? 

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When was this image taken?

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What satellite collected the data?

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You can write down any observations you made in your science journal or on a piece of scratch paper.

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Observations are anything that you notice with your senses,

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so today, you probably won’t notice any tastes, touches, or smells,

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but I bet you will be able to see some cool observations

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Leaders, once your Girl Scouts have finished examining their satellite images 

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and noting their observations,

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ask them to share their observations and discuss. 

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Pause the video and discuss.

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This satellite image has a lot of cool things going on.

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On the left you can see that there are clouds covering the ocean.

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And on the right you can see green as trees cover the landscape.

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Even further to the right, the image looks brown. 

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This is where there is barren ground and little vegetation.

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This satellite image is of the Oregon and Washington coastline and interior.

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You can see little dots of white right along the margin 

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of the green and brown landscape. 

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Those are the Cascade Mountains.

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On the center top there is a little area that is brown and gray. 

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That is the city of Portland, Oregon.

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And there near the bottom of the image is a cloud of smoke

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from a wildfire.

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The smoke was from the Bootleg Fire, which was happening in July of 2021.

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I bet you made some really great observations. 

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But what does this have to do with Thinking Like a Citizen Scientist?  

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Let me ask you, what do scientists do?

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Pause the video and discuss what a scientist does.

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I bet you had a great discussion on what it means to be a scientist.

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There are lots of different types of scientists out there,

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but one thing they all have in common in their research 

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is that scientists rely on the scientific method to learn new things. 


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You are going to be citizen scientists, where you use the scientific method to help gather data for NASA scientists 

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and other researchers including students or scouts like you.

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The first part of the scientific method is to observe.

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You all did a great job of observing the satellite image.

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The next part of the scientific method is to create a question and make a hypothesis,

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which is a fancy word for an answer to you question based on your observations.

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Let’s look at this image: and make a question based on our observations. 

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You can come up with your own question or you can use the one that I’ll provide on the next slide. 

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Pause the video and discuss.

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Our question could be, “What is located where there are clusters of white pixels?”

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The hypothesis is your answer to that question.

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The white pixels indicate that there are a lot of lights,

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so I think that there are more lights in cities.

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The clusters of white pixels are where there are cities.

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But, how do scientists know if their hypothesis is correct?

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They have to collect and analyze data.

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The more data they have the better their results will be because it helps filter out some of the outliers

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(the mistakes, errors, or oddball data).

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Kind of like if I was measuring favorite Girl Scout cookies.

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The more people I sell cookies to, the better my data.

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For example, here is a pie chart showing real data from my troop sales.

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This Girl Scout made a single sale to one family (who love Samoas and don't like Thin Mints).

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But are Samoas the most popular cookie sold by Girl Scouts nationwide?

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With this data my hypothesis should be yes!

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But is it? How could I get a better data set? 

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I could collect more data.  The pie chart on the right is the data for my entire troop’s sales.

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This is a much better data set because it has 1,559 packages of cookies sold,

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 1,554 more boxes than my single sale.

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With this much data, I could look at which ones I sold the most of 

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and be able to make a better conclusion to my hypothesis than if I’d only sold 1 or 2 boxes.

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The more data that is collected, the better. So are Samoas the most popular according to this data?

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No. Thin mints are. Your troop can do this same exercise with your troop sales.

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If you added your data to this data, we’d have an even better data set.

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In the night time satellite image, we were mostly right, but there are some outliers,

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For example, in North Dakota, there are bright spots where there are oil fields, but not cities.

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For NASA scientists, we rely on a lot of data.  And this is where you can come in.

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You can be Citizen Scientists.

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These are data points taken by citizen scientists all over the world

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with GLOBE and GLOBE Observer and you can be part of the network of citizen scientists

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that are collecting and analyzing this data. 

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Let’s learn about GLOBE Observer’s Land Cover Tool.

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[Music] GLOBE Observer presents: Land Cover Adopt a Pixel

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[Music]

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Land cover and land use are the foundations for critical science and social issues such as: 

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Climate Change

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Food Production

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Human Health

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With the data, we can better analyze natural hazards like floods, fires, and landslides.

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Photograph the land.

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Classify land cover.

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Compare your observations to satellite data.

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Become a citizen scientist today, with GLOBE Observer.

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[Music]

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[Music Fades Out] GLOBE Observer. Download on the App Store or Get it On Google Play.

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Next, let’s watch this video to learn about the importance of land cover data

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and how your citizen science observations contribute to continuing land cover research.


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~Sound of Helicopter and music in background~

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Peder Nelson: My land cover career really started in 2002…

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…with the biggest wildfire in Oregon’s history.

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And that was the Biscuit Wildfire.

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I at the time was doing botany surveys.

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And looking for rare plants or rare mushrooms. And so I was spending a lot of time out on

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On the forest, looking at and taking photos and doing the documentation that a scientist or a land manager does.

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When that fire happened, it changed everything.

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Because we all had to react to this fire that was burning up some of the places that I had literally been the day before.

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And it was mapping what was there, and what was under threat.

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But it was also mapping the effects of the fire. We needed to find a way to look across five-hundred thousand acres.

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And the only way that we could really do that was satellite data.

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If we can’t get out and actually measure every single thing, what are we missing?

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And that’s where citizen scientist can actually come in and really help traditional scientists. To better understand

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What is happening around them. But also fill in these gaps.

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~♪Music♪~

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Narrator: The Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment Program

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Is an international science and education program.

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It provides students and the public with the opportunity to participate in data collection and the scientific process.

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The GLOBE Observer App, is one of the opportunities allowing citizen scientists and students to take land cover

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Observations around the world and submit them to a larger database.

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But, what exactly is land cover?

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Doctor Eric Brown de Colstoun of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center explains

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Eric: Land cover is really the basic form of the landscape that we have around us.

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So, whether it’s forest or a desert. But it’s really one of the components of the landscape that we can study from space.

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Narrator: Doctor Peder Nelson is a scientist who uses land cover imagery in his research.

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Peder: I am a remote sensing scientist, who studies land cover across the globe.

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I use satellite imagery to make maps of land cover. And try to quantify what covers the Earth.

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Sometimes a satellite can’t see what’s happening underneath a tree canopy, or what’s happening underneath cloud cover.

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And so we really need people to go out there to take these photos and do these observations, to help fill in where a satellite can’t

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actually make some observations.

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Narrator: Just like any digital photograph

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Land cover images are made up of a series of pixels. To show what covers the Earth.

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A pixel, or picture element, is the smallest unit of a digital image.

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When combined with thousands of other pixels, a picture is formed.

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Each pixel color shown represents a land cover type.

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It’s from these pixels where ground verification, or ground-truthing, come into play.

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You see, depending on what satellite is taking images

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A pixel can cover roughly an area of thirty to five-hundred meters squared.

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For imagery captured by Landsat, a pixel is thirty meters squared. Or about the size of a baseball diamond.

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However, part of that pixel showing forest, might actually be water. Or shrubs.

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By taking land cover observations, citizen scientists can help answer these questions when it comes to land cover maps.

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Sooo, why are these land cover observations so important?

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Why are they taken in the first place?

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Eric: We also are looking at how these components are changing over time.

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So, deforestation in the Amazon or across the world. How are cities expanding?

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A lot of different things to study and really the view from space is the way we do it here at NASA.

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We have big supercomputers that simulate the physics of the atmosphere and the land. The interaction between the Earth’s

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Systems.

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It’s important to have that land cover map. It sets certain parameters.

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Those models can actually be used to look at current day conditions and weather.

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So based on these current conditions, what might the Earth look like fifty or a hundred years from now.

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There’s an element of understanding but then also being able to predict into the future, you know, what that might be like.

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What these changes may mean for us.

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Narrator: Each point shown here represents a real world measurement of environmental conditions.

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Scientists use computer models to fill in information where measurements may not exist.

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By verifying the satellite imagery and using the data for these models, scientists can predict changes in our environment more accurately.

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One of these scientists using land cover maps to track urbanization as part of her work is Doctor Amita Mehta of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.

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Amita: So, urbanization changes terrain as well as characteristics of the surface itself.

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And so, impervious surfaces is what we look at when we are monitoring flooding.

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When there are, say, parking lots, cement and concrete surfaces increase. So previously, if it was farmland

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Or something which was not built, and if that is built now. That water previously that could go or percolate in the soil and in the ground

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now cannot go in and it stays there.

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Monitoring helps you to plan for it.

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If you see land cover changing, even then you know that how water’s going to flow in that region might change.

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If you have to send rescue out or you have to plan for relief activities, and if you know land cover, then you know

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Where there might be help needed.

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By using land cover maps and models that reflect changes over time, scientists can predict where flooding and other events may occur.

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With a changing climate, these predictions from models and land cover maps can help scientists better understand these changes.

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And help communities prepare for them.

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But, perhaps a more important reason as to why take land cover observations is

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You get to participate in a community of scientists, citizen scientists and students.

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Eric: So, it’s a very important component that the citizen science and students of the GLOBE Program and GLOBE Observer

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Can contribute to is by really giving us the information on the ground of what they’re seeing around them and in front of them.

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And we hope over time as well as how maybe some of these things are changing.

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Because those would be very valuable for science.

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Peder: I saw the value of having information before a hazard happens.

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Because once that fire went through an area, we can never recreate that data.

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This is all important for us to share and put together because that’s how we understand Earth as a system.

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All of these things end up affecting where we live, why we live where we do and why we make some of the choices that we do.

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Narrator: To learn more about GLOBE Observer, check out the website at observer.globe.gov

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And download the app to start taking your own observations today.

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Now it’s your turn. 

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Let’s try analyzing and classifying some land cover data collected by GLOBE Observers. 

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Let’s play the Land Cover Classification Challenge.

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We are going to use the Land Cover Type Quick Reference Guide to identify and classify different types of land cover. 

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You can keep watching the video and go through the Land Cover Classification Presentation 

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or you can do this activity as a troop, logging the different types of Land Cover that you see. 

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Each slide will show you a photo from a GLOBE Observer Land Cover Observation.

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Then, use the "Land Cover Type Quick Reference Guide" to identify the types of land cover in the photos.

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Next, write down the  answers on a piece of paper.

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After you've made your best guess to all 9 photos, continue watching the video to see how many you got right.

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Thanks for playing! Let’s find out how well you did.

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This photo is of a barren landscape. Barren means that there isn’t much vegetation. We can see bare rock, glaciers, and soil

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In this photo of a road in a forest we have two different types of land cover. Urban and Trees.

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The trees are deciduous broadleaf, because most of them are missing their leaves. Deciduous means that the leaves

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(or needles fall off the trees in the Fall).

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If you were in this forest, you could use this opportunity to use the GLOBE Observer Trees tool, and measure the tree height of one of these trees.

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It is also an urban land cover because there is a road that cuts through the forest. The road is an urban land cover, while the forest is a tree land cover.

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Look at all that grass! This is a grassland. And the grass is medium in length.

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If it was tall the grass would have to be over 6.5 feet high. That’s taller than most people I know!

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This is a picture of a forest with both trees and shrubs. The trees are primarily needle leaf evergreens and there are both short and tall shrubs.

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This photo was taken from the Pacific Coast. 

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That is open water, since the Pacific Ocean is filled with saltwater, this is a marine open water land cover.  

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This is a photo from a river. This would be a freshwater open water land cover type because the river is filled with freshwater, not saltwater.

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Also, there are trees in the background, this is a wetland and specifically a river wetland. 

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This is a really dry landscape, but there are a few shrubs scattered among the barren dirt. 

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These shrubs would be classified as short, since they are under 6.5 feet tall.

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This photo shows a city, or an urban area. We can see that there are apartments (residential), businesses (commercial) and roads. 

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This photo shows all the subcategories in the urban land cover type.

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This looks like an outfield of a baseball field. The grass has been mowed and cared for. 

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It wouldn’t look like this if people didn’t plant, water and mow this field. 

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Because humans grow the vegetation to look like this, it is considered cultivated.

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 Farms, pastures, or parks are cultivated land cover types. Since the field is covered in grass, it is specifically a cultivated grass land cover type.

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Congratulations! How many did you get right? You can pause the video and discuss or you can continue on 

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and learn about how to use the Land Cover Tool in the GLOBE Observer app.

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GLOBE Land Cover: Getting Started

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Open the GLOBE Observer App and select Land Cover.

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Verify the date, time and your location.

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Observe a 100 meter x 100 meter area. This is about the length of a soccer field.

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Report the surface conditions.

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Capture Your Surroundings: Tilt your phone to capture 50 meters of land in each direction.

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Submit photos now or classify the land cover.

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Classify the Land Cover: Determine what type of land cover is in each photo.

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Tap on the “i” icon to see a description of the land cover types.

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Tap the photo to see a large version of it.

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Estimate how much of each type you see in the photo.

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Percentages may total over 100% especially if trees are growing over another land cover type, like grass or shrubs.

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Need help with your observations? Select the question-mark on the bottom right corner.

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When you’re done, send your observations to GLOBE.

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Compare with Satellite Data: Select “My Map” to compare your observations to satellite data.

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If your observation is different from NASA’s, tap “Report a Difference.”

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Return to the same location to record changes over time and contribute to a global database of observations.

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GLOBE Observer

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observer.globe.gov

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globe.gov

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EXPLORE EARTH

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If you want to get started as a GLOBE Observer, ask your troop leader to register your troop through SciStarter, 


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then send you the link to set up your accounts. 


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Once you have a troop Scistarter account, you will choose which citizen science opportunity interests you

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There are a lot of different citizen science projects (including others with NASA) and others with GLOBE Observer: 


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Trees, Land Cover, Clouds, and Mosquito Habitat Mapper.

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Then you need to download the app.
Register as a GLOBE observer. Then collect your data.


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So now you’ve learned to Think Like a Citizen Scientist by observing, collecting and analyzing data.

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The next step is to collect and analyze your own data by using the app.

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Then, consider how you might use your data to take action.

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What kind of “take action” projects could you think of doing?

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You could adopt a place and take observations on a schedule. While you are there, take care of it. Pick up litter or do some gardening.

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You could create a program to teach other Girl Scouts about a place that is important to you.

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You could also start a hiking group and take observations as part of your walk.

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You can also document changes with scheduled observations. 

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If you know of a place that is undergoing changes 

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like a new building being built, a development or a place where regrowth is happening after a landslide or forest fire, 

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but of course only after it is safe to do so,

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monitor that change with scheduled observations or take seasonal observations and compare the changes that take place. 

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And finally you could create a team of your troop, council, or service unit and take observations together.

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What I love about Girl Scouts is that you all leave the world a better place.  I for one am really excited that you are leading the future for us.

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We would also love for you to share your Take Action projects inspired by GLOBE Observer.